Routing¶
Beautiful URLs are an absolute must for any serious web application. This means leaving behind ugly URLs like index.php?article_id=57 in favor of something like /read/intro-to-symfony.
Having flexibility is even more important. What if you need to change the URL of a page from /blog to /news? How many links should you need to hunt down and update to make the change? If you’re using Symfony’s router, the change is simple.
The Symfony router lets you define creative URLs that you map to different areas of your application. By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to:
- Create complex routes that map to controllers
- Generate URLs inside templates and controllers
- Load routing resources from bundles (or anywhere else)
- Debug your routes
Routing in Action¶
A route is a map from a URL path to a controller. For example, suppose you want to match any URL like /blog/my-post or /blog/all-about-symfony and send it to a controller that can look up and render that blog entry. The route is simple:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php namespace AppBundle\Controller; use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller; use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Route; class BlogController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/blog/{slug}") */ public function showAction($slug) { // ... } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog_show: path: /blog/{slug} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:show }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog_show" path="/blog/{slug}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:show</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog_show', new Route('/blog/{slug}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:show', ))); return $collection;
2.2 新版功能: The path option was introduced in Symfony 2.2, pattern is used in older versions.
The path defined by the blog_show route acts like /blog/* where the wildcard is given the name slug. For the URL /blog/my-blog-post, the slug variable gets a value of my-blog-post, which is available for you to use in your controller (keep reading). The blog_show is the internal name of the route, which doesn’t have any meaning yet and just needs to be unique. Later, you’ll use it to generate URLs.
If you don’t want to use annotations, because you don’t like them or because you don’t want to depend on the SensioFrameworkExtraBundle, you can also use Yaml, XML or PHP. In these formats, the _controller parameter is a special key that tells Symfony which controller should be executed when a URL matches this route. The _controller string is called the logical name. It follows a pattern that points to a specific PHP class and method, in this case the AppBundle\Controller\BlogController::showAction method.
Congratulations! You’ve just created your first route and connected it to a controller. Now, when you visit /blog/my-post, the showAction controller will be executed and the $slug variable will be equal to my-post.
This is the goal of the Symfony router: to map the URL of a request to a controller. Along the way, you’ll learn all sorts of tricks that make mapping even the most complex URLs easy.
Routing: Under the Hood¶
When a request is made to your application, it contains an address to the exact “resource” that the client is requesting. This address is called the URL, (or URI), and could be /contact, /blog/read-me, or anything else. Take the following HTTP request for example:
GET /blog/my-blog-post
The goal of the Symfony routing system is to parse this URL and determine which controller should be executed. The whole process looks like this:
- The request is handled by the Symfony front controller (e.g. app.php);
- The Symfony core (i.e. Kernel) asks the router to inspect the request;
- The router matches the incoming URL to a specific route and returns information about the route, including the controller that should be executed;
- The Symfony Kernel executes the controller, which ultimately returns a Response object.
Creating Routes¶
Symfony loads all the routes for your application from a single routing configuration file. The file is usually app/config/routing.yml, but can be configured to be anything (including an XML or PHP file) via the application configuration file:
- YAML
# app/config/config.yml framework: # ... router: { resource: "%kernel.root_dir%/config/routing.yml" }
- XML
<!-- app/config/config.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <container xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:framework="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services http://symfony.com/schema/dic/services/services-1.0.xsd http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony http://symfony.com/schema/dic/symfony/symfony-1.0.xsd"> <framework:config> <!-- ... --> <framework:router resource="%kernel.root_dir%/config/routing.xml" /> </framework:config> </container>
- PHP
// app/config/config.php $container->loadFromExtension('framework', array( // ... 'router' => array( 'resource' => '%kernel.root_dir%/config/routing.php', ), ));
小技巧
Even though all routes are loaded from a single file, it’s common practice to include additional routing resources. To do so, just point out in the main routing configuration file which external files should be included. See the Including External Routing Resources section for more information.
Basic Route Configuration¶
Defining a route is easy, and a typical application will have lots of routes. A basic route consists of just two parts: the path to match and a defaults array:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/MainController.php // ... class MainController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/") */ public function homepageAction() { // ... } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml _welcome: path: / defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Main:homepage }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="_welcome" path="/"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Main:homepage</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('_welcome', new Route('/', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Main:homepage', ))); return $collection;
This route matches the homepage (/) and maps it to the AppBundle:Main:homepage controller. The _controller string is translated by Symfony into an actual PHP function and executed. That process will be explained shortly in the Controller Naming Pattern section.
Routing with Placeholders¶
Of course the routing system supports much more interesting routes. Many routes will contain one or more named “wildcard” placeholders:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... class BlogController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/blog/{slug}") */ public function showAction($slug) { // ... } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog_show: path: /blog/{slug} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:show }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog_show" path="/blog/{slug}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:show</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog_show', new Route('/blog/{slug}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:show', ))); return $collection;
The path will match anything that looks like /blog/*. Even better, the value matching the {slug} placeholder will be available inside your controller. In other words, if the URL is /blog/hello-world, a $slug variable, with a value of hello-world, will be available in the controller. This can be used, for example, to load the blog post matching that string.
The path will not, however, match simply /blog. That’s because, by default, all placeholders are required. This can be changed by adding a placeholder value to the defaults array.
Required and Optional Placeholders¶
To make things more exciting, add a new route that displays a list of all the available blog posts for this imaginary blog application:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... class BlogController extends Controller { // ... /** * @Route("/blog") */ public function indexAction() { // ... } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog: path: /blog defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:index }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog" path="/blog"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:index</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog', new Route('/blog', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:index', ))); return $collection;
So far, this route is as simple as possible - it contains no placeholders and will only match the exact URL /blog. But what if you need this route to support pagination, where /blog/2 displays the second page of blog entries? Update the route to have a new {page} placeholder:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... /** * @Route("/blog/{page}") */ public function indexAction($page) { // ... }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog: path: /blog/{page} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:index }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog" path="/blog/{page}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:index</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog', new Route('/blog/{page}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:index', ))); return $collection;
Like the {slug} placeholder before, the value matching {page} will be available inside your controller. Its value can be used to determine which set of blog posts to display for the given page.
But hold on! Since placeholders are required by default, this route will no longer match on simply /blog. Instead, to see page 1 of the blog, you’d need to use the URL /blog/1! Since that’s no way for a rich web app to behave, modify the route to make the {page} parameter optional. This is done by including it in the defaults collection:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... /** * @Route("/blog/{page}", defaults={"page" = 1}) */ public function indexAction($page) { // ... }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog: path: /blog/{page} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:index, page: 1 }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog" path="/blog/{page}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:index</default> <default key="page">1</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog', new Route('/blog/{page}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:index', 'page' => 1, ))); return $collection;
By adding page to the defaults key, the {page} placeholder is no longer required. The URL /blog will match this route and the value of the page parameter will be set to 1. The URL /blog/2 will also match, giving the page parameter a value of 2. Perfect.
URL | Route | Parameters |
---|---|---|
/blog | blog | {page} = 1 |
/blog/1 | blog | {page} = 1 |
/blog/2 | blog | {page} = 2 |
警告
Of course, you can have more than one optional placeholder (e.g. /blog/{slug}/{page}), but everything after an optional placeholder must be optional. For example, /{page}/blog is a valid path, but page will always be required (i.e. simply /blog will not match this route).
小技巧
Routes with optional parameters at the end will not match on requests with a trailing slash (i.e. /blog/ will not match, /blog will match).
Adding Requirements¶
Take a quick look at the routes that have been created so far:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... class BlogController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/blog/{page}", defaults={"page" = 1}) */ public function indexAction($page) { // ... } /** * @Route("/blog/{slug}") */ public function showAction($slug) { // ... } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog: path: /blog/{page} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:index, page: 1 } blog_show: path: /blog/{slug} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:show }
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog" path="/blog/{page}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:index</default> <default key="page">1</default> </route> <route id="blog_show" path="/blog/{slug}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:show</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog', new Route('/blog/{page}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:index', 'page' => 1, ))); $collection->add('blog_show', new Route('/blog/{show}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:show', ))); return $collection;
Can you spot the problem? Notice that both routes have patterns that match URLs that look like /blog/*. The Symfony router will always choose the first matching route it finds. In other words, the blog_show route will never be matched. Instead, a URL like /blog/my-blog-post will match the first route (blog) and return a nonsense value of my-blog-post to the {page} parameter.
URL | Route | Parameters |
---|---|---|
/blog/2 | blog | {page} = 2 |
/blog/my-blog-post | blog | {page} = "my-blog-post" |
The answer to the problem is to add route requirements. The routes in this example would work perfectly if the /blog/{page} path only matched URLs where the {page} portion is an integer. Fortunately, regular expression requirements can easily be added for each parameter. For example:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php // ... /** * @Route("/blog/{page}", defaults={"page": 1}, requirements={ * "page": "\d+" * }) */ public function indexAction($page) { // ... }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml blog: path: /blog/{page} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Blog:index, page: 1 } requirements: page: \d+
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="blog" path="/blog/{page}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Blog:index</default> <default key="page">1</default> <requirement key="page">\d+</requirement> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('blog', new Route('/blog/{page}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:index', 'page' => 1, ), array( 'page' => '\d+', ))); return $collection;
The \d+ requirement is a regular expression that says that the value of the {page} parameter must be a digit (i.e. a number). The blog route will still match on a URL like /blog/2 (because 2 is a number), but it will no longer match a URL like /blog/my-blog-post (because my-blog-post is not a number).
As a result, a URL like /blog/my-blog-post will now properly match the blog_show route.
URL | Route | Parameters |
---|---|---|
/blog/2 | blog | {page} = 2 |
/blog/my-blog-post | blog_show | {slug} = my-blog-post |
/blog/2-my-blog-post | blog_show | {slug} = 2-my-blog-post |
Since the parameter requirements are regular expressions, the complexity and flexibility of each requirement is entirely up to you. Suppose the homepage of your application is available in two different languages, based on the URL:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/MainController.php // ... class MainController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/{_locale}", defaults={"_locale": "en"}, requirements={ * "_locale": "en|fr" * }) */ public function homepageAction($_locale) { } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml homepage: path: /{_locale} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Main:homepage, _locale: en } requirements: _locale: en|fr
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="homepage" path="/{_locale}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Main:homepage</default> <default key="_locale">en</default> <requirement key="_locale">en|fr</requirement> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('homepage', new Route('/{_locale}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Main:homepage', '_locale' => 'en', ), array( '_locale' => 'en|fr', ))); return $collection;
For incoming requests, the {_locale} portion of the URL is matched against the regular expression (en|fr).
Path | Parameters |
---|---|
/ | {_locale} = "en" |
/en | {_locale} = "en" |
/fr | {_locale} = "fr" |
/es | won’t match this route |
Adding HTTP Method Requirements¶
In addition to the URL, you can also match on the method of the incoming request (i.e. GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE). Suppose you have a contact form with two controllers - one for displaying the form (on a GET request) and one for processing the form when it’s submitted (on a POST request). This can be accomplished with the following route configuration:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/MainController.php namespace AppBundle\Controller; use Sensio\Bundle\FrameworkExtraBundle\Configuration\Method; // ... class MainController extends Controller { /** * @Route("/contact") * @Method("GET") */ public function contactAction() { // ... display contact form } /** * @Route("/contact") * @Method("POST") */ public function processContactAction() { // ... process contact form } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml contact: path: /contact defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Main:contact } methods: [GET] contact_process: path: /contact defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Main:processContact } methods: [POST]
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="contact" path="/contact" methods="GET"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Main:contact</default> </route> <route id="contact_process" path="/contact" methods="POST"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Main:processContact</default> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add('contact', new Route('/contact', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Main:contact', ), array(), array(), '', array(), array('GET'))); $collection->add('contact_process', new Route('/contact', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Main:processContact', ), array(), array(), '', array(), array('POST'))); return $collection;
2.2 新版功能: The methods option was introduced in Symfony 2.2. Use the _method requirement in older versions.
Despite the fact that these two routes have identical paths (/contact), the first route will match only GET requests and the second route will match only POST requests. This means that you can display the form and submit the form via the same URL, while using distinct controllers for the two actions.
注解
If no methods are specified, the route will match on all methods.
Adding a Host Requirement¶
2.2 新版功能: Host matching support was introduced in Symfony 2.2
You can also match on the HTTP host of the incoming request. For more information, see How to Match a Route Based on the Host in the Routing component documentation.
Advanced Routing Example¶
At this point, you have everything you need to create a powerful routing structure in Symfony. The following is an example of just how flexible the routing system can be:
- Annotations
// src/AppBundle/Controller/ArticleController.php // ... class ArticleController extends Controller { /** * @Route( * "/articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format}", * defaults={"_format": "html"}, * requirements={ * "_locale": "en|fr", * "_format": "html|rss", * "year": "\d+" * } * ) */ public function showAction($_locale, $year, $title) { } }
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml article_show: path: /articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format} defaults: { _controller: AppBundle:Article:show, _format: html } requirements: _locale: en|fr _format: html|rss year: \d+
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <route id="article_show" path="/articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format}"> <default key="_controller">AppBundle:Article:show</default> <default key="_format">html</default> <requirement key="_locale">en|fr</requirement> <requirement key="_format">html|rss</requirement> <requirement key="year">\d+</requirement> </route> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; use Symfony\Component\Routing\Route; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->add( 'article_show', new Route('/articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format}', array( '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Article:show', '_format' => 'html', ), array( '_locale' => 'en|fr', '_format' => 'html|rss', 'year' => '\d+', )) ); return $collection;
As you’ve seen, this route will only match if the {_locale} portion of the URL is either en or fr and if the {year} is a number. This route also shows how you can use a dot between placeholders instead of a slash. URLs matching this route might look like:
- /articles/en/2010/my-post
- /articles/fr/2010/my-post.rss
- /articles/en/2013/my-latest-post.html
注解
Sometimes you want to make certain parts of your routes globally configurable. Symfony provides you with a way to do this by leveraging service container parameters. Read more about this in “How to Use Service Container Parameters in your Routes”.
Special Routing Parameters¶
As you’ve seen, each routing parameter or default value is eventually available as an argument in the controller method. Additionally, there are three parameters that are special: each adds a unique piece of functionality inside your application:
Controller Naming Pattern¶
Every route must have a _controller parameter, which dictates which controller should be executed when that route is matched. This parameter uses a simple string pattern called the logical controller name, which Symfony maps to a specific PHP method and class. The pattern has three parts, each separated by a colon:
bundle:controller:action
For example, a _controller value of AppBundle:Blog:show means:
Bundle | Controller Class | Method Name |
---|---|---|
AppBundle | BlogController | showAction |
The controller might look like this:
// src/AppBundle/Controller/BlogController.php
namespace AppBundle\Controller;
use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\Controller;
class BlogController extends Controller
{
public function showAction($slug)
{
// ...
}
}
Notice that Symfony adds the string Controller to the class name (Blog => BlogController) and Action to the method name (show => showAction).
You could also refer to this controller using its fully-qualified class name and method: Acme\BlogBundle\Controller\BlogController::showAction. But if you follow some simple conventions, the logical name is more concise and allows more flexibility.
注解
In addition to using the logical name or the fully-qualified class name, Symfony supports a third way of referring to a controller. This method uses just one colon separator (e.g. service_name:indexAction) and refers to the controller as a service (see How to Define Controllers as Services).
Route Parameters and Controller Arguments¶
The route parameters (e.g. {slug}) are especially important because each is made available as an argument to the controller method:
public function showAction($slug)
{
// ...
}
In reality, the entire defaults collection is merged with the parameter values to form a single array. Each key of that array is available as an argument on the controller.
In other words, for each argument of your controller method, Symfony looks for a route parameter of that name and assigns its value to that argument. In the advanced example above, any combination (in any order) of the following variables could be used as arguments to the showAction() method:
- $_locale
- $year
- $title
- $_format
- $_controller
- $_route
Since the placeholders and defaults collection are merged together, even the $_controller variable is available. For a more detailed discussion, see 作为控制器参数的路由占位符.
小技巧
The special $_route variable is set to the name of the route that was matched.
You can even add extra information to your route definition and access it within your controller. For more information on this topic, see How to Pass Extra Information from a Route to a Controller.
Including External Routing Resources¶
All routes are loaded via a single configuration file - usually app/config/routing.yml (see Creating Routes above). However, if you use routing annotations, you’ll need to point the router to the controllers with the annotations. This can be done by “importing” directories into the routing configuration:
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml app: resource: "@AppBundle/Controller/" type: annotation # required to enable the Annotation reader for this resource
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <!-- the type is required to enable the annotation reader for this resource --> <import resource="@AppBundle/Controller/" type="annotation"/> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->addCollection( // second argument is the type, which is required to enable // the annotation reader for this resource $loader->import("@AppBundle/Controller/", "annotation") ); return $collection;
注解
When importing resources from YAML, the key (e.g. app) is meaningless. Just be sure that it’s unique so no other lines override it.
The resource key loads the given routing resource. In this example the resource is a directory, where the @AppBundle shortcut syntax resolves to the full path of the AppBundle. When pointing to a directory, all files in that directory are parsed and put into the routing.
注解
You can also include other routing configuration files, this is often used to import the routing of third party bundles:
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml app: resource: "@AcmeOtherBundle/Resources/config/routing.yml"
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <import resource="@AcmeOtherBundle/Resources/config/routing.xml" /> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->addCollection( $loader->import("@AcmeOtherBundle/Resources/config/routing.php") ); return $collection;
Prefixing Imported Routes¶
You can also choose to provide a “prefix” for the imported routes. For example, suppose you want to prefix all routes in the AppBundle with /site (e.g. /site/blog/{slug} instead of /blog/{slug}):
- YAML
# app/config/routing.yml app: resource: "@AppBundle/Controller/" type: annotation prefix: /site
- XML
<!-- app/config/routing.xml --> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <routes xmlns="http://symfony.com/schema/routing" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://symfony.com/schema/routing http://symfony.com/schema/routing/routing-1.0.xsd"> <import resource="@AppBundle/Controller/" type="annotation" prefix="/site" /> </routes>
- PHP
// app/config/routing.php use Symfony\Component\Routing\RouteCollection; $app = $loader->import('@AppBundle/Controller/', 'annotation'); $app->addPrefix('/site'); $collection = new RouteCollection(); $collection->addCollection($app); return $collection;
The path of each route being loaded from the new routing resource will now be prefixed with the string /site.
Adding a Host Requirement to Imported Routes¶
2.2 新版功能: Host matching support was introduced in Symfony 2.2
You can set the host regex on imported routes. For more information, see Using Host Matching of Imported Routes.
Visualizing & Debugging Routes¶
While adding and customizing routes, it’s helpful to be able to visualize and get detailed information about your routes. A great way to see every route in your application is via the router:debug console command. Execute the command by running the following from the root of your project.
$ php app/console router:debug
This command will print a helpful list of all the configured routes in your application:
homepage ANY /
contact GET /contact
contact_process POST /contact
article_show ANY /articles/{_locale}/{year}/{title}.{_format}
blog ANY /blog/{page}
blog_show ANY /blog/{slug}
You can also get very specific information on a single route by including the route name after the command:
$ php app/console router:debug article_show
Likewise, if you want to test whether a URL matches a given route, you can use the router:match console command:
$ php app/console router:match /blog/my-latest-post
This command will print which route the URL matches.
Route "blog_show" matches
Generating URLs¶
The routing system should also be used to generate URLs. In reality, routing is a bidirectional system: mapping the URL to a controller+parameters and a route+parameters back to a URL. The match() and generate() methods form this bidirectional system. Take the blog_show example route from earlier:
$params = $this->get('router')->match('/blog/my-blog-post');
// array(
// 'slug' => 'my-blog-post',
// '_controller' => 'AppBundle:Blog:show',
// )
$uri = $this->get('router')->generate('blog_show', array(
'slug' => 'my-blog-post'
));
// /blog/my-blog-post
To generate a URL, you need to specify the name of the route (e.g. blog_show) and any wildcards (e.g. slug = my-blog-post) used in the path for that route. With this information, any URL can easily be generated:
class MainController extends Controller
{
public function showAction($slug)
{
// ...
$url = $this->generateUrl(
'blog_show',
array('slug' => 'my-blog-post')
);
}
}
注解
In controllers that don’t extend Symfony’s base Controller, you can use the router service’s generate() method:
use Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\ContainerAware;
class MainController extends ContainerAware
{
public function showAction($slug)
{
// ...
$url = $this->container->get('router')->generate(
'blog_show',
array('slug' => 'my-blog-post')
);
}
}
In an upcoming section, you’ll learn how to generate URLs from inside templates.
小技巧
If the frontend of your application uses Ajax requests, you might want to be able to generate URLs in JavaScript based on your routing configuration. By using the FOSJsRoutingBundle, you can do exactly that:
var url = Routing.generate(
'blog_show',
{"slug": 'my-blog-post'}
);
For more information, see the documentation for that bundle.
Generating URLs with Query Strings¶
The generate method takes an array of wildcard values to generate the URI. But if you pass extra ones, they will be added to the URI as a query string:
$this->get('router')->generate('blog', array(
'page' => 2,
'category' => 'Symfony'
));
// /blog/2?category=Symfony
Generating URLs from a Template¶
The most common place to generate a URL is from within a template when linking between pages in your application. This is done just as before, but using a template helper function:
- Twig
<a href="{{ path('blog_show', {'slug': 'my-blog-post'}) }}"> Read this blog post. </a>
- PHP
<a href="<?php echo $view['router']->generate('blog_show', array( 'slug' => 'my-blog-post', )) ?>"> Read this blog post. </a>
Generating Absolute URLs¶
By default, the router will generate relative URLs (e.g. /blog). From a controller, simply pass true to the third argument of the generateUrl() method:
$this->generateUrl('blog_show', array('slug' => 'my-blog-post'), true);
// http://www.example.com/blog/my-blog-post
From a template, in Twig, simply use the url() function (which generates an absolute URL) rather than the path() function (which generates a relative URL). In PHP, pass true to generate():
- Twig
<a href="{{ url('blog_show', {'slug': 'my-blog-post'}) }}"> Read this blog post. </a>
- PHP
<a href="<?php echo $view['router']->generate('blog_show', array( 'slug' => 'my-blog-post', ), true) ?>"> Read this blog post. </a>
注解
The host that’s used when generating an absolute URL is automatically detected using the current Request object. When generating absolute URLs from outside the web context (for instance in a console command) this doesn’t work. See How to Generate URLs and Send Emails from the Console to learn how to solve this problem.
Summary¶
Routing is a system for mapping the URL of incoming requests to the controller function that should be called to process the request. It both allows you to specify beautiful URLs and keeps the functionality of your application decoupled from those URLs. Routing is a bidirectional mechanism, meaning that it should also be used to generate URLs.